Praxis Elementary Education Multiple Subjects (7001) Practice Test

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• What is the ability to recognize that words in spoken language are made up of a variety of sound units called?
• A local clothing store offers customers 50% off the price of all inventory items. Which economic term best describes this example?
• Ukraine is known as the breadbasket of Europe. Which country is this referring to?
• Which instructional objective is targeted by a kindergarten activity where students write letters and name them with a flashlight?
• Which of the following cases of legislation was made necessary by the outcome of the Mexican American war?
• In the balanced equation CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O, how many molecules of O2 react with each molecule of CH4?
• As part of a social studies unit on the American Revolution, a sixth-grade teacher plans to prepare students to read a short historical nonfiction novel about the Boston Tea Party. Which prereading strategy will best assist the teacher in building students' background knowledge and improving their general understanding of the topic?
• When evaluating online resources for classroom use, which practice best supports credibility and usefulness for student research?
• The steel wool and vinegar experiment produced a temperature increase, indicating the reaction is which type?
• What is a monomial?
• During a total solar eclipse, the moon is in which phase?
• Joe pushes a 12.0 kg object with a force of 80.0 N. What is the acceleration of the object?
• The following excerpt concerns segregation in public schools and cites a ruling about separate facilities. Which case is identified as the source of this principle in the material?
• The right of citizens of the United States to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Which amendment contains this text?
• A teacher reviews the following student scores on a standardized reading test with the goal of determining areas in which the student will require additional instruction: 75th percentile in vocabulary knowledge, 85th percentile in decoding, 40th percentile in comprehension, 70th percentile in fluency. Based on the data, which activity best addresses the student's needs?
• The Gulf Stream, which brings warm water from the equatorial region into the Atlantic Ocean, is least likely to affect which region's weather patterns?
• Which of the following is most beneficial in developing students' writing abilities?
• Which outcome is associated with the Louisiana Purchase?
• In what year was the Sherman Antitrust Act enacted?
• Which practice helps kindergarten students understand where a sentence begins and ends and how many words are in a sentence?
• In an experiment with freshwater and saltwater, the same object sinks in freshwater but floats in saltwater. What explains this observation?
• Which reading difficulties commonly contribute to reading fluency issues?
• Expanded form of a number shows the value of each digit according to place. If a number is written as 800 + 70 + 2, which digit is in the tens place?
• Which scientist is particularly noted for contributions to atomic theory?
• Which literacy activity demonstrates first-grade students applying decoding and encoding as reciprocal skills?
• A third-grade teacher's reading instruction includes sources from multiple content areas. During a science lesson, students read a book about plants that contains many new vocabulary words, such as chlorophyll, germinate, and photosynthesis. Which teaching activity will best help the students develop an understanding of the new words?
• A fourth-grade teacher works with a small group of students who decode well but have poor comprehension. Which activity BEST supports improving morphological analysis and reading comprehension?
• If one parent has two dominant alleles for tongue-rolling and the other has two recessive alleles, what percentage of their children will be able to roll their tongue?
• Which statement best describes the purpose of using reader's theater in literacy development?
• Which describes the compromise over slavery that delegates agreed upon during the constitutional convention?
• Who improved the assembly line and automobile manufacturing?
• In a simple plant lifecycle, which stage typically comes directly after germination?
• What geographical feature contributed to the growth of ancient cities such as London, Rome, and Alexandria?
• In plate tectonics, the lithospheric plates move over which layer?
• Which equation demonstrates the additive identity property of zero?
• Which state in the Northeast was not one of the original 13 colonies?
• Which fluency instruction strategy is most appropriate for beginning readers?
• Which of the following is not a stage in the simple lifecycle of plants?
• In a phonics lesson about multisyllabic words, the beginning of the instructional sequence shows that each word's syllables share a pattern and each syllable contains one vowel followed by a consonant. Which syllable type do all the words contain?
• Which factor best accounts for seasonal changes in weather at a particular location on Earth?
• What is a primary function of plant roots?
• Which description correctly identifies the asthenosphere?
• If both parents have recessive tongue-rolling genotype (rr), what percentage of offspring can roll their tongue?
• The destruction of the USS Maine led to the start of which of the following events?
• Which organizational alliance was created to counter Soviet influence in Europe and North America during the Cold War?
• Put 4,000,000 in scientific notation.
• Which activity is most directly designed to develop phonemic awareness through segmentation of sounds?
• Which factor contributed to widespread poverty in countries decolonized after World War II?
• Which factor would not be considered by geographers when determining the boundaries of a cultural region?
• To best facilitate reading fluency during repeated choral readings, which change is most effective?
• Which of the following is considered a derivational suffix?
• What is the coefficient in the term 7x^3?
• What term describes the background knowledge readers bring to a text to aid comprehension?
• In a demonstration of the Doppler effect, an observer who is standing still will most likely hear a sound's pitch increase when the source of the sound does which of the following?
• Which of the following helped many homesteaders establish farms on the Great Plains during the 1800s?
• Bohr's atomic model posits electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed energy levels. How does an electron move from one energy level to another?
• Which instructional strategy is most appropriate for early readers?
• Which event most contributed to the start of the American Revolution?
• Which government principle involves each branch limiting the powers of the others?
• In an experiment, rusting steel wool soaked in vinegar showed a rising temperature on a thermometer. Which conclusion best follows from this observation?
• Which statement accurately compares writing in ancient Sumer and ancient Egypt?
• The Yangtze River is located closest to which geographic feature?
• Which equation shows the distributive property of multiplication over addition?
• An ESL teacher introduces predictable spelling patterns in word families to beginning level learners. Which skill does this activity mainly help students develop?
• Which of the following was not an outcome of World War I?
• Sixth-grade English language arts students are struggling with distinguishing between tone and mood. Which of the following questions should the teacher ask to begin to help students understand the interrelationship between tone and mood?
• Which expression correctly applies the distributive property where a number multiplies a sum?
• After a universal screening identifies students at risk for reading difficulties, what is the most appropriate first step for instructional decision making?
• Canada, with both a parliament as governor authority in the queen head of state, is an example of what type of government?
• Which statement demonstrates the multiplicative inverse concept for a nonzero number?
• Which activity best meets a kindergarten goal of guided practice in learning a phonological awareness skill?
• Which plant process involves leaves and roots emerging from a seed?
• Which act is directly associated with the forced relocation of Native American tribes to western territories?
• Which layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the majority of the atmosphere's water vapor?
• What happens to gravitational potential energy when a rock tumbles downhill and accelerates?
• Why is it beneficial to select vocabulary words that appear across multiple contexts when teaching early literacy?
• What is the primary type of energy stored behind a hydroelectric dam?
• Which religions are the main religions in Nepal?
• What is the primary purpose of the model-practice-reflect instructional cycle in writing?
• Which early literacy concept is best supported by an activity where students name groups of five objects that begin with the same sound (alliteration)?
• Which molecule is a product of cellular respiration and used for energy transfer in cells?
• Which statement correctly describes the forces between the Moon and Apollo 11 during the lunar landing?
• Which description accurately describes a community?
• What is scientific notation?
• Which of the following would indicate a gas leak and should be addressed as a hazard?
• Which system is responsible for the production of hormones?
• Which is the best example of how humans impact topography?
• In an interactive read-aloud aimed at building vocabulary, which guideline for selecting target words is most appropriate?
• Which daily teacher practice will best support kindergarten students' concepts of print?
• Which statement best defines a biological community?
• The term Reconstruction Amendments refers to amendments enacted after which conflict?
• What is a polynomial?
• Which factor best explains immigration trends in the United States during the late 19th century?
• Which statement best describes the goal of fluency-based reading interventions in early elementary grades?
• The scientific name Felis catus. Which classification level is indicated by the first part of the scientific name?
• Which policy is associated with limiting westward expansion for the American colonies?
• An object moving in a straight line at a constant speed has a constant velocity; if a constant force is applied in the same direction, what happens?
• For improving oral reading fluency, which classroom activity is presented as the most effective single strategy?
• Which equation represents the inverse property of addition?
• Which of the following statements was NOT a result of the Compromise of 1850?
• A first-grade teacher introduces short vowel sounds and explicitly teaches them. Which activity will best support this phonics concept?
• Which comprehension strategy is most important when analyzing persuasive writing?
• During a read-aloud, the teacher focuses on the phrase 'to make a mountain out of a molehill.' Which is the most appropriate next step to help students understand this phrase?
• A student engaged in an argumentative writing activity is most likely doing which of the following?
• Expanded notation is defined as where each digit is written as a product of its place value.
• Which equation shows the associative property of addition?
• Which instructional technique most effectively teaches phonemic segmentation?
• During the Progressive Era, which social change resulted from the growing industrialization of cities?
• Which statement about DNA is false?
• Dwight D. Eisenhower is most associated with which of the following?
• Which was a reaction by the American public during the Cold War?
• Which geographic feature is nearest to the Yangtze River?
• Which scientist did pioneering research on the properties of radioactive elements?
• The Emancipation Proclamation was issued during which war?
• During a science lesson, students read a passage about stars and their properties. The text notes luminosity, size, temperature, mass, and composition. The passage best demonstrates which text structure?
• What is the primary benefit of implementing well-planned peer editing in the classroom?
• Which condition is required for rapid replenishment of an aquifer?
• In which type of power plant would the normal generation of electricity most likely produce the least amount of carbon dioxide gas?
• What is a product?
• Which document introduced the establishment of an executive branch, not present in the earlier framework?
• Following the civil war, poll taxes were primarily used in the south to deny access to which of the following?
• To address fluency difficulties faced by students in a reading group, the teacher decides to implement students theater lessons using a text. Each student can decode proficiently. Which of the following instructional steps will best support the students' improvement of reading fluency?
• In which type of economy does the government have the most control of the country's resources?
• In a model of Earth’s layered structure, which material would best represent the lithosphere?
• Which expression has three terms?
• Which two houses form a bicameral legislature as established by the Great Compromise?
• Which of the following has occurred as a result of China's rapid economic growth?
• Which of the following is a key component in determining the economic growth of a country?
• Which American Civil War battle immediately preceded the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation?
• McCulloch v. Maryland is associated with expanding the power of which level of government?
• The SI unit used to express force is called what?
• Which sentence best demonstrates deriving meaning of the word 'benevolent' from context?
• In which nation did the conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi take place?
• In a think-aloud demonstration of a word-learning skill for decoding multisyllabic words, the instructional focus is on which word-structure skill?
• Which of the following was not an effect of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?
• In planning instruction on word recognition, which activity demonstrates understanding of how to acquire high-frequency words?
• Which major progressive victory was led by women during the first half of the 20th century?
• Which activity best models the phonemic segmentation process using physical objects?
• A neutral atom becomes a positive ion if it loses one or more
• Which equation demonstrates the multiplicative identity property of one?
• What is a mixed economy?
• Which strategy best supports spelling development when given the words Bite, Hope, Kite, Tape?
• Researchers found fossils of marine organisms in rock layers located high above sea level. What conclusion is best supported?
• Of the motion, concepts listed, which grouping list concepts that are the most appropriate for concrete learners in the early elementary grades to understand?
• Which of the following best explains why the expansion of the American colonies was limited under British rule?
• Which amendment abolished slavery in America?
• The compromise over slavery affected representation in which national body?
• Which prereading approach is most effective for preparing students to read about a complex historical topic?
• Which expression correctly represents 872 in expanded notation as a sum of products of each digit and its place value?
• Which statement is accurate about the geography of Peru?
• Which measure best assesses a nation's economic growth on a per-person basis?
• What term describes organisms leaving a population?
• Which statement best describes phonological awareness?
• In a theater-based reading activity, for students who can decode proficiently, which step will best support reading fluency?
• Which individual helped in the system of apartheid in South Africa Africa?
• Which metacognitive strategy is best for helping students decipher unknown vocabulary?
• Which strategy will best help a second-grade student master decoding and spelling of long-vowel pattern words such as cake, they, train, and eight?
• Which region has the greatest frequency of tornadoes?
• A teacher places decodable words in a pocket attached to the back cover and the student removes the words they can decode effortlessly and attempts to blend and decode the remaining words. What is the instructional purpose of this activity?
• Which region is the vast, cold, dry region of eastern Russia?
• The Ring of Fire region is best known for which characteristic?
• Guiding students to fill in blanks on a worksheet best supports learning in which area?
• Which principle related to growth in literacy is best demonstrated by planning activities such as reader's theater, repeated readings, fluent reading across genres, and exposure to narrative and informational texts?
• Which equation demonstrates the commutative property of multiplication?
• Which naming rule for the lion's scientific name Panthera leo is incorrectly used?
• A kindergarten teacher working to develop concepts about print should best achieve the goal by which approach?
• The Boston Tea Party is best described as which form of protest?
• Which two religions are the main religions in Nepal?
• When supporting sixth grade students with reading challenges while researching inventors, which approach best supports comprehension?
• During the Progressive Era, settlement houses were established to provide education and health care to which group?
• Which layer of Earth’s atmosphere is primarily associated with weather phenomena?
• Why is Mesopotamia often called the cradle of civilization?
• What are the primary byproducts of cellular respiration in humans?
• Which assessment is typically used to identify specific instructional needs after a screening identifies at-risk readers?
• An agricultural drought causing a decline in crop production leads to which economic condition?
• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed as a direct response to threats from which adversary?
• Which region of the United States has the highest concentration of native Spanish speakers?
• What is the quotient of 12 divided by 3?
• A tree-fall gap in a mature forest often leads to the growth of which type of plants?
• Which instructional strategy is most effective for teaching vocabulary in a diverse classroom?
• Which equation demonstrates the inverse property of multiplication?
• During the American Civil War, which factor gave the South a strategic advantage?
• Which instructional strategy is best for a first-grade teacher to use with emergent readers?
• Theodore Roosevelt's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine justified American use of military power to protect which region from European intervention?
• Approximately how long does Earth take to rotate once about its axis?
• In a mature forest, how can a tree-fall gap increase species diversity?
• Panama became a major focus of international maritime trade for which of the following reasons?
• Islam is the predominant religion in which region?
• In the landscape erosion experiment, which process is being studied?
• Expanded form is defined as a number written so that the place value of each digit is represented as part of a sum.
• Which of the following best defines a galaxy?
• A kindergarten teacher notes that a small group struggles to segment words with three phonemes. What instructional practice is most appropriate to support their phonemic awareness?
• Which type of support is beneficial for struggling readers when learning new topics like biographies and inventions?
• Which factor is most directly linked to the Great Plains settlement and its agricultural development?
• Write 872 in expanded form.
• Which reading skill is the most important prerequisite to understanding an author's purpose?
• Why did Russia withdraw from World War I?
• The United States is an example of which type of economy?
• In the rock-tumbling scenario, what energy transformation is primarily occurring as the rock speeds up downhill?
• Which of the following countries have territorial claims in Kashmir?
• Which biome has the greatest diversity of species?
• Which combination of natural hazards is most representative of threats to Mexico?
• The migration from the Fertile Crescent to Europe began approximately in which century BCE?
• Houston serves as a major port of trade mostly because of which feature?
• Fulton’s invention of the steamboat helped to increase river commerce across the United States; which of the following reflects another impact of the steamboat?
• Which region's population is closely associated with a large number of native Spanish speakers?
• Which time zone is located between California and Texas?
• Bread molds belong to which group of organisms?
• What is the main point of disagreement between environmental determinists and environmental possibilists?
• Which country gained independence from Great Britain in 1947?
• Which statement best describes the primary purpose of using student performance data to guide small-group reading remediation?
• Selecting texts that students can read independently with high accuracy primarily supports which outcome?
• Researchers are measuring surface salinity in different areas of an ocean. Which area will researchers most likely find the highest surface salinity?
• In the described landscape-model erosion activity, which scientific question can be investigated most directly?
• Which approach best supports a second-grade student in mastering long-vowel spellings across words?
• In binomial nomenclature, what capitalization rule is correct for the two parts of a species name?
• The Suez Canal primarily serves to shorten the sea voyage between which regions by connecting two seas?
• Ms. Dorsey begins a lesson by reviewing the story grammar of conventional short fiction. What is the primary instructional purpose of this approach?
• Which process most directly moves water from the atmosphere to Earth's surface?
• What writing system did the Sumerians use?
• Which of the following best describes a galaxy?
• The successful construction of the Panama Canal in the 20th century was most directly the result of which of the following?
• Which revolution started in Russia and contributed to Russia's withdrawal from World War I?
• To confirm a first-grade student's difficulty decoding words such as 'ran,' 'pet,' 'him,' and 'hot,' which assessment is most appropriate?
• Canada’s system of government is best described as what?
• Lithium, sodium, and potassium belong to which group on the periodic table?
• Which material would best represent the asthenosphere in a classroom model of Earth's layered structure?
• Which of the following is an example of an observation?
• When two tectonic plates slide past one another and energy releases, the most likely event is?
• A fourth-grade teacher intends to use student performance data to guide lesson planning for small-group reading and remediation of specific skills. Which action is most appropriate for using the data to inform instruction?
• Which Native American nation was forced to relocate due to the Indian Removal Act?
• Which two types of questions does QAR distinguish between?
• Which of the following are the most common geological threats to Mexico?
• Which statement best describes phonemic awareness relative to phonics?
• Which activity is designed to teach sound-letter mapping?
• The president nominates a Supreme Court justice and the Senate confirms the nomination. This demonstrates which government principle?
• What is a difference?
• Which statement best describes how the individual molecules in water vapor differ from those in liquid water?
• In economic terms, what describes a price cut used to motivate purchases?
• Which ancient civilization used hieroglyphics as a means of communication?
• According to the material, which Supreme Court case is described as rejecting the doctrine of separate educational facilities in public education?
• If an atom loses electrons, what happens to its electrical charge?
• Which gas is taken in by cells during cellular respiration?
• A first-grade teacher wants to instruct students in phoneme-grapheme correspondence. Which instructional scenario is best?
• National tensions in what region led to the outbreak of World War I?
• Which early colonial settlement was described as built on marshland with little soil and a high disease risk from mosquitoes?
• Which atmospheric layer contains the ozone layer that absorbs UV radiation?
• Which nation first colonized most of the western United States?
• A local library receives government funding while charging some fees. This institution is part of which sector?
• Which action would be taken by the Federal Reserve?
• Which of the following identifies the ultimate source of genetic variation in a population?
• Which of the following demonstrates one way the government can promote competition?
• Two black mice have a litter that includes brown offspring. Black fur is dominant to brown fur. Which explanation best accounts for the presence of brown offspring?
• Which classroom practice best supports fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension in a mixed reading group?
• QAR strategy helps students distinguish between which two types of questions?
• If one parent has genotype RR for tongue-rolling and the other rr, what is the phenotype of all offspring regarding tongue-rolling?
• What is a trinomial?
• Which transcription skills are used in the simple view of writing?
• When expanding known vocabulary through semantic gradients, what is a major limitation of using only a thesaurus?
• Which feature explains why Panama became strategically important for global trade?
• The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments are collectively referred to as the
• Which scenario best illustrates Newton's second law of motion?
• Which American colony was founded by people who escaped religious persecution in England, engaged in farming, fishing, and whaling, and was led by John Winthrop?
• Which equation shows the distributive property over subtraction?
• Which element is contained in the United States Constitution, but not in the Articles of Confederation?
• In a media literacy project, which activity best demonstrates consideration of audience in design choices?
• A class of kindergarten students is being introduced to concepts of print and assessed informally every day. Which teacher action will best help support students who are struggling with directionality and return sweep?
• The reinforcement method resulting from direct instruction is best illustrated through which vocabulary-building activity?
• Which statement about fossil evidence is true?
• Which layer is the closest to Earth’s surface?
• Which tool is used to define expectations for different levels of writing proficiency?
• Why is Mesopotamia considered the birthplace of civilization?
• Which organ is responsible for the formation of sperm cells?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between temperature and evaporation rate in ocean surface areas?
• Which layer of the sun is responsible for producing all of the sun's energy through nuclear reactions?
• Which statement accurately represents an aspect of phonological awareness in literacy development?
• Which European nation is credited with earliest colonization of the southwestern United States?
• What is a typical activity of scientists as described in the material?
• Which activity best targets phonemic awareness in first grade?
• What is a traditional economy?
• Hieroglyphics were used by which ancient civilization to communicate?
• What is a primary danger associated with long-lived isotopes produced by nuclear fission?
• Which European nation was the first to colonize the southwestern United States?
• Built on a marsh, this settlement had little soil for farming and a high risk for disease from mosquitoes. This describes which of the original colonial settlements?
• Indentured servants during the American colonial period typically obtained freedom after what?
• What is an important function of the digestive system?
• Which of the following strategies best gives a teacher an opportunity to evaluate beginning readers' comprehension of a literary passage?
• Which event had the greatest impact on the size of the United States?
• What is the coefficient in the term 5x^2?
• Which statement best explains how intensive agriculture, poor irrigation practices, and overgrazing affect the environment?
• A word family is a set of words that share a common base or pattern. Which of the following best describes its purpose?
• In a small-group reading lesson, instruction emphasizes adjusting pitch and volume, using punctuation cues for phrasing, and reading with natural expression. This component of reading fluency is called what?
• What term describes powers shared by federal and state governments, such as raising taxes?
• Which of the following most likely accounts for structural and functional differences between the skin cells, smooth muscle cells, and liver cells of the same person?
• Which ancient civilization is credited with holding the first Olympic Games?
• Which of the following is a responsibility of the executive branch?
• Which statement is correct about developing listening and speaking skills in students?
• Which country most closely aligns with the characteristics of a mixed economy?
• While explicitly and systematically teaching phonics to students, which strategy will best meet the goal of phonics maintenance?
• In a free market economy, who primarily makes decisions about production and prices?
• Which statement correctly describes a coefficient?
• During the colonial period, the largest demographic group traveling to settle in modern-day America were?
• Which term describes the pre-reading activity of activating prior knowledge about a topic such as volcanoes?
• Which activity best integrates and expands readers' thinking about terms and concepts encountered while constructing meaning from a text?
• Which statement best describes covalent bonding?
• What is a free market economy?
• Which rights did Thomas Jefferson believe John Adams had violated when he signed the Alien and Sedition Acts into law?
• Which equation shows the associative property of multiplication?
• McCulloch v. Maryland reinforced which principle regarding federal power?
• Which statement identifies the additive identity element?
• Which U.S. President is most associated with the rise of conservatism in the 20th century?
• Which of the following is a prefix?
• A second grade teacher aims to improve reading fluency. Which activity would be effective?
• In an argumentative writing activity described in the material, what best describes the student’s task?
• In an experiment, a rubbed balloon causes paper bits to rise toward the balloon. Which hypothesis is best supported by this interaction?
• Which amendment addresses voting rights regardless of race?
• Which strategy best helps readers expand their understanding of terms and concepts encountered in a text?
• Which demonstration provides the best opportunity for students to understand why the Sun appears larger than other stars despite many stars being larger?
• Which factor should a second grade teacher use to determine whether a student will benefit from a fluency-based intervention?
• In a unit on media literacy, which activity would best demonstrate understanding of design choices for an intended audience?
• The Emancipation Proclamation is notable for accomplishing which of the following?
• Desertification is most strongly associated with which combination of land-use practices?
• A teacher focuses on clarifying a purpose for reading, previewing a text, monitoring understanding by adjusting reading speed, and checking for understanding after reading. The teacher is primarily developing students' ability to
• Which amendment granted women the right to vote?
• In which cell structure is chlorophyll located for photosynthesis?
• During an earthquake, the energy stored in rocks and released as waves is primarily what type of energy?
• Which statement best describes the Sherman Antitrust Act?
• Germination is the process in which what occurs?
• Ignoring air resistance, what is true about the vertical motion of a fastball as it travels upward and then downward?
• An animal with a backbone, moist mucus-covered skin, complete metamorphosis, and life in water and on land belongs to which group?
• Which ancient civilization is described by the clues: held the first Olympics, was polytheistic, and exercised direct democracy?
• Which best describes the emancipation proclamation?
• In which of the following ways did the migration of people from the fertile crescent region of Eurasia most directly affect the development of civilization in Europe beginning in the sixth century BCE?
• A group of students have an accuracy rate of 94% on a recent oral reading assessment. Which of the following activities will best help students to develop their reading skills?
• In the expression 6x^3 - 4x^2 + x, how many terms are there?
• In early literacy, how are decoding and encoding related?
• Criteria such as timeliness of information, professional affiliation, bias, and domain suffixes relate to which factor in selecting reference materials for student use in classroom research?
• What is a sum?
• Which of the following is NOT a polynomial?
• Which two factors are cited as major causes of World War I?
• What is the SI unit for force?
• The Gulf Stream moves warm water from the equator into the Atlantic Ocean; which is the correct destination region for this warm water?
• Which option best defines equilibrium in a physical system?
• Which of the following best describes one result of introducing robotics into manufacturing centers?
• Which statement best defines structural analysis in word decoding?
• Where do most earthquakes occur?
• In which region is Islam the predominant religion?
• What is the most effective strategy for building and extending students' vocabulary knowledge?
• When a class cannot explain the meaning of an unknown word in a passage, which teacher-directed question is most appropriate for helping students identify the meaning of unknown words?
• What is the main goal of a word-family activity using base patterns and initials?
• Which activity best reinforces recognizing short vowel sounds in CVC words?
• Which statement about Earth is inaccurate?
• Which of the following is a shared power between state and federal governments?
• The instructional strategy list-group-label is most effective for teaching which of the following?
• In the scientific name Panthera leo, which statement correctly reflects standard formatting?
• Which element should teachers model to demonstrate how writers communicate ideas?
• Which form of government consists of a union of several countries with some or most power shared between them?
• Which sequence correctly represents the scaffolded order of phonological awareness instruction?
• Which of the following was considered the turning point of the American Revolution?
• Which two seas are connected by the Suez Canal?
• What is a quotient?
• Which best describes the role of observation in scientific inquiry?
• To best support first grade students' vocabulary development, which activity is most effective?
• Which of the following is true about plant roots?
• In a writing workshop, which activity best helps students learn to imitate strong writers?
• Which of the following mathematical concepts is most appropriate for concrete learners to understand in early elementary grades?
• What form of energy is delivered to the electrical grid by a hydroelectric plant?
• Which statement is correct about the sun’s composition?
• According to Ehri's phases of word reading development, which characteristic is most closely associated with the full alphabetic phase?
• Which term best describes a graphic organizer used to show connections among vocabulary terms and their meanings?
• Which phenomenon accounts for an object underwater appearing closer to the surface than it actually is?
• In the scientific name Musca domestica, which taxonomic level does Musca represent?
• Which statement about the relationship between reading and writing development is best supported by research?
• Which document was the initial attempt by the American colonists to establish an independent government?
• A teacher provides students with sentences to determine the meanings of words according to their contexts. Which sentence best fulfills the teacher's purpose?
• The Great Compromise at the constitutional convention led to what form of legislative structure?
• Providing opportunities to read both narrative and informational texts helps students develop what?
• Why does saltwater make an object float more easily than freshwater?
• An addend is:
• In the number 872, what is the place value of the digit 7?
• The Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced which group to move to the Western United States?
• The Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, and the Intolerable Acts contributed to which historical outcome?
• The initial attempt by the American colonists to establish an independent government was codified in which document?
• What is the term for the process by which a gas becomes a liquid?
• Mandy buys four items totaling $21.77. If she pays with a $50 bill, what is her change to the nearest dollar?
• Which description reflects an effective approach to developing fluency for beginning readers?
• The observation that marine fossils are located in rocks far above sea level provides evidence that the area was once what?
• A teacher scores student writing samples using criteria that define expectations for different levels of proficiency. Which tool is the teacher most likely using?
• Which explains immigration trends in the United States during the late 19th century?
• Which of the following resulted from the influence of philosophers in the thriving society of classical Greece? (800–300 BCE)
• Which equation demonstrates the multiplicative identity property of one?
• Which organization was established as a result of the post–World War I settlement to promote international cooperation?
• Which instrument is used to determine the dry mass of sediment collected from runoff in the described activity?
• Why would an area with warm, dry winds have higher surface salinity?
• What is a binomial?
• Before introducing a nonfiction text on volcanoes, students record one fact that they already know about volcanoes on an adhesive tab, then discuss as a class. What does this activity primarily build?
• Based on the law of supply, what happens when the price of a product rises?
• Which of the following best explains the significance of the Suez Canal?
• Which property allows rearranging the order of addends in a sum?
• In which layer of Earth's atmosphere does most weather occur?
• In the erosion runoff activity, what measurement do students collect to quantify erosion?
• Which action contained a controversial fugitive slave provision?
• Which state was admitted to the Union as a free state as part of the Compromise of 1850?
• A second-grade activity uses Elkonin boxes to write letters in boxes under pictures. Which phonics concept does this strategy most directly reinforce?
• What should a teacher do to best help students revising their own writing?
• Which elements are most abundant in the sun?
• Lithium, sodium, and potassium are grouped together in the periodic table’s first column; what is most likely true about these elements?
• A third-grade student struggles with reading due to decoding difficulties. What is the student most likely having trouble with?
• Which of the following is an appropriate laboratory safety practice?
• The Emancipation Proclamation is associated with which Civil War battle?
• What is the primary purpose of using Elkonin boxes in early phonics instruction?
• In classical Greece, philosophers helped lay the groundwork for which form of government?
• Which geographic feature best describes the Panama Isthmus?
• The activity where students add different letters to the front of letter patterns to create many words best develops understanding of which concept?
• Which equation shows the commutative property of addition?
• Two visuals are used to model components of a particular writing type: a video ad for a brand and a pamphlet about insurance for damaged devices. The visuals best facilitate instruction about which type of writing?
• According to Ehri's phases of word reading development, which characteristic is most closely associated with the full alphabetic phase?